For farmers new to the concept of genetic testing, it’s normal to have questions or concerns about how it’s regulated.
At XytoVet, we are experts in the field of genetic testing and are dedicated to helping farmers navigate this complex area. Our company specialises in providing comprehensive genomic testing services. We offer detailed genetic insights to improve breeding decisions, animal health, and overall farm productivity. We also ensure that all our practices adhere to the highest standards of regulation and ethical considerations, giving you confidence in the integrity of our services.
This blog serves as an introductory guide to the regulation of genetic testing, addressing common concerns and questions around the regulatory landscape and how it impacts your farming practices.
What is genetic testing?
Genetic testing involves analysing an organism’s DNA to identify changes or variations in the genetic material or proteins. This powerful tool helps farmers detect genetic disorders and provides insights into genetic predispositions. In the livestock industry, genetic testing is becoming increasingly common due to its potential to enhance selective breeding decisions, improve animal welfare, and boost productivity.
Genetic testing in livestock allows farmers to identify animals with desirable traits, such as higher milk production, disease resistance, and better growth rates. By understanding the genetic makeup of their herds, farmers can make more informed breeding decisions, leading to healthier, more productive animals. This not only improves the efficiency of farming operations but also contributes to sustainable farming practices by optimising resource use and reducing environmental impact.
For more information, read our previous blog on genetic testing.
Livestock genetic testing regulation Australia
There are no regulations governing the genetic testing of animals. In comparison, genetic testing for humans is highly regulated and, in Australia, overseen by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).
On the other hand, genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are highly regulated and overseen by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA).
What are genetically modified organisms?
A GMO is a plant, animal, or microbe in which one or more changes have been made to the genome, typically using high-tech genetic engineering, in an attempt to alter the characteristics of the organism. This process involves directly modifying the DNA sequence , which can include adding genetic material from other species or altering existing genes to express desired traits such as pest resistance, faster growth, or improved nutritional content.
People often confuse genetic modification and genetic testing because both involve genetic analysis. However, they are fundamentally different. Genetic modification changes the organism’s DNA to express new traits, whereas genetic testing simply reads the existing genetic information to understand an organism’s traits better. Genetic testing is a diagnostic tool, while genetic modification is an intervention that alters the genetic code. As such, the cultivation of GMOs is tightly regulated by the Australian government.
GMO regulation Australia
The APVMA plays a crucial regulatory role in the context of agricultural and veterinary chemicals, ensuring their safety, efficacy, and responsible use. This role intersects with broader legislative and regulatory frameworks such as the Gene Technology Act 2000 and Australia’s biosecurity framework, both of which govern the use of genetic technologies and the protection of animal health and the environment.
APVMA’s Role:
- Complementary Regulation: While the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) regulates GMOs under the Gene Technology Act 2000, the APVMA ensures that any veterinary or agricultural chemicals used in conjunction with these technologies meet safety and efficacy standards. For example, if GM crops require a specific pesticide, the APVMA would assess and regulate that pesticide’s use via a risk assessment.
- Safety Assessments: The APVMA conducts safety assessments of chemicals used on or with GMOs to ensure they do not pose additional risks to human health, animals, or the environment.
The Gene Technology Act 2000 provides a framework for the regulation of GMOs in Australia. The Act defines gene technology as any technique for the modification of genes or other genetic material, excluding sexual reproduction, homologous recombination, or any other technique specified in the regulations. The Act also establishes the OGTR, which is responsible for overseeing the development and use of GMOs, including in agriculture.
The role of genetic testing in livestock management
Genetic testing has proven to be a reliable way for farmers to drive productivity, profitability, and sustainability while promoting animal well-being. By providing detailed insights into the genetic makeup of livestock, genetic testing allows farmers to make informed breeding and management decisions that enhance growth rates, improve health, and optimise resource use.
At XytoVet, we pride ourselves on being transparent and willing to share our extensive knowledge of genetic testing and its regulation. We understand that navigating the complexities of genetic testing can be challenging, and we are here to help.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.
